Birds of Maui

Birds of Maui, a jewel in the Hawaiian archipelago, isn’t just a paradise for sun-seekers and surfers. It’s a haven for bird enthusiasts, offering a unique blend of native and introduced species that make its landscapes come alive with color and song. From the lush valleys to the high-altitude slopes of Haleakalā, Birds of Maui diverse ecosystems support an incredible array of avian life. Let’s embark on a journey through Maui feathered realms, discovering the best spots for birding, the most common and rare species, and the conservation efforts that keep this island’s skies filled with wings.

Introduction

Birds of Maui unique position in the Pacific has made it a hotspot for biodiversity, especially when it comes to birds. The island’s varied terrain, from coastal wetlands to high-altitude forests, provides habitats for a wide range of species. This diversity is what makes Maui a birdwatcher’s dream.

Native vs. Introduced Species: Maui avifauna is a mix of endemic species that evolved in isolation and introduced birds of Maui that have made the island their home. This blend creates a fascinating study in adaptation and ecology.

“Maui is like a living laboratory for bird evolution and adaptation. Every species here, whether native or introduced, tells a story of survival and change.” – Dr. Elaine Swarthout, Ornithologist

Best Spots For birds of Maui

Haleakalā National Park

Haleakalā, Maui dormant volcano, offers a unique high-altitude environment for birding. As you ascend its slopes, you’ll encounter different species adapted to various elevation zones.

Key Species to Spot:

• Nēnē (Hawaiian Goose)
• Hawaiian Petrel
• ‘I’iwi (Scarlet Honeycreeper)

Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon when birds are most active.

Keālia Pond National Wildlife Refuge

This coastal wetland is a crucial habitat for both resident and migratory water birds. Its accessible boardwalks make it perfect for birders of all levels.

Notable Birds:

• Ae’o (Hawaiian Stilt)
• ‘Alae Ke’oke’o (Hawaiian Coot)
• Pacific Golden Plover

Tip: Check the refuge’s website for seasonal updates on migratory visitors.

Hosmer Grove

Located in Haleakalā National Park, Hosmer Grove is a mixed native and non-native forest that’s home to some of Maui rarest birds.

Birds to Look For:

• Maui Alauahio (Maui Creeper)
• ‘
• Hawaii Amakihi

Best Practice: Stay on designated trails to protect fragile habitats.

‘Īao Valley State Park

This lush valley offers a chance to spot both forest and water-loving birds of Maui along its scenic river.

Highlight Species:

• White-rumped Shama
• Japanese White-eye
• Hawaiian Duck (Koloa)

Pro Tip: Bring waterproof gear; the valley can be rainy and muddy.

Guided Adventures

For those who want expert guidance, Maui offers several excellent bird watching tour companies:

Maui Birding

• • Specializes in small group tours
  • Expert guides with deep knowledge of local ecosystems
  • Offers customized tours for specific bird interests

Hawaii Bird Tours

• • Covers multiple locations across the island
  • Provides high-quality optics for tour participants
  • Focuses on conservation education alongside birding

DIY vs. Guided Tours: Pros and Cons

DIY Birding	Guided Tours
✅ Flexible schedule	✅ Expert knowledge
✅ Cost-effective	✅ Access to prime spots
❌ May miss rare species	✅ Optics provided
❌ Limited local knowledge	❌ Fixed schedules

Meet the Locals: Common Birds of Maui

Zebra Dove

Originally from Southeast Asia, the Zebra Dove has become a common sight in Maui’s urban areas.

Key Features:

• Distinctive black and white stripes on neck
• Soft, melodious cooing call
• Often seen foraging on the ground in parks and gardens

Red-Crested Cardinal

Despite its name, this birds of Maui isn’t a true cardinal but has become one of Maui’s most recognizable introduced species.

Characteristics:

• Bright red head and crest
• White body and gray wings
• Loud, clear whistling song

Pacific Golden-Plover

This migratory shorebird spends winters in Maui, traveling from its Arctic breeding grounds.

Interesting Facts:

• Can fly non-stop for 3,000 miles during migration
• Changes from golden-speckled summer plumage to duller winter colors
• Often seen in grassy areas and golf courses

Common Myna

Introduced in the late 1800s, the Common Myna has become ubiquitous across Maui.

Notable Traits:

• Highly intelligent and vocal
• Yellow beak and feet, brown body with black head
• Excellent mimics, known to imitate other birds and even human sounds

Maui Avian Symphony

The soundscape of Maui is as diverse as its visual beauty. Here are some distinctive calls to listen for:

Hawaiian Honeycreeper’s Melodious Trill

• • High-pitched, flute-like songs
  • Varies among species, from simple chirps to complex melodies
  • Best heard in native forests during early morning hours

Nene’s Gentle Honk

• • Soft, nasal “neh-neh” call
  • Often heard in grassy areas or near water
  • More frequent during breeding season (October to March)

Common Myna’s Vocal Versatility

• • Wide range of calls, from whistles to squawks
  • Known for mimicking other birds and environmental sounds
  • Most vocal at dawn and dusk

Spotted Dove’s Soft Coo

• • Gentle, rhythmic “coo-croo-coo” sound
  • Often heard in urban areas and gardens
  • Males use cooing as part of courtship displays

“Listening to birds of Maui is like attending a natural symphony. Each species contributes its unique voice to create a rich, ever-changing melody.” – Maria Kaaihue, Local Bird Guide

Tiny Treasures: Small Birds of Maui

Hawaiian Finch

These small, native birds are part of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, known for their diverse beak shapes and colors.

Key Features:

• Varies in color from bright red to yellow, depending on species
• Curved beaks adapted for specific food sources
• Often seen flitting among native ohia trees

House Sparrow

Introduced to Hawaii in the 1870s, the House Sparrow has become a common sight in Maui towns and cities.

Characteristics:

• Males have distinctive black bibs and gray crowns
• Females are more uniformly brown
• Chirping calls are a familiar sound in urban areas

Tropical Java Finch

Also known as the Java Sparrow, this small, attractive bird has made Maui its home since its introduction in the 1960s.

Notable Traits:

• Distinctive pink beak and white cheek patches
• Gray body with black head
• Often seen in small flocks in grassy areas and gardens

Golden-Beaked Beauties: Yellow-Billed Birds

Hawaiian Yellow-faced Honeyeater

This native species is adapted to feed on the nectar of native Hawaiian plants.

Key Features:

• Bright yellow face and beak
• Olive-green body
• Often seen probing flowers with its curved beak

Yellow-billed Cardinal

Introduced from South America, this bird has become established in some parts of Maui.

Characteristics:

• Bright red head and crest
• Black and white body
• Distinctive yellow beak

Snowy Spectacles: White Birds in Maui

White Tern

Also known as the Manu-o-Ku, this elegant bird is more common on Oahu but can sometimes be spotted in Maui.

Interesting Facts:

• Pure white plumage with black eyes
• Lays its egg directly on tree branches without a nest
• Excellent flyers, capable of sleeping while in flight

Cattle Egret

Introduced in the 1950s to control cattle pests, these birds are now a common sight in Maui agricultural areas.

Key Features:

• All-white plumage with yellow beak
• Long, slender neck and legs
• Often seen following cattle or lawn mowers for insects

Great Egret

While not as common as the Cattle Egret, the Great Egret can sometimes be spotted in Maui’s wetlands.

Characteristics:

• Larger than the Cattle Egret with a longer, more S-shaped neck
• Yellow beak and black legs
• Graceful stalker of fish in shallow waters

The Nene: Maui Beloved State Birds

Physical Characteristics and Behavior:

• Distinctive black and buff-colored plumage
• Partially webbed feet adapted for walking on lava rock
• Known for their soft “neh-neh” call

Conservation Success Story:

• Nearly extinct in the 1950s with only 30 birds remaining
• Intensive breeding programs and habitat protection have increased population to over 3,000
• Still considered vulnerable due to predation and habitat loss

Where to Spot the Nene:

1. Haleakala National Park (especially near the visitor center)
2. Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge
3. Some golf courses and grassy areas in Wailea and Makena

“The Nene’s recovery is a testament to what we can achieve when we commit to protecting our native species. It’s a living symbol of hope for Hawaii’s wildlife.” – Dr. Kawika Winter, Conservation Biologist

Rare Sightings: Maui Endangered Avian Treasures

Hawaiian Honeycreeper

The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a diverse group of birds found nowhere else in the world. Many species are critically endangered.

Key Species to Look For:

• I iwi: Bright scarlet bird with curved beak
• Akohekohe (Crested Honeycreeper): Colorful bird with distinctive crest
• Maui Parrotbill: Olive-green bird with thick, parrot-like beak

Conservation Challenges:

• Habitat loss due to development and invasive plants
• Introduced predators like rats and cats
• Avian malaria spread by non-native mosquitoes

Maui Parrotbill

One of the rarest birds in the world, the birds of Maui Parrotbill (Kiwikiu) is found only in a small area of East Maui.

Conservation Efforts:

• Captive breeding programs
• Habitat restoration in the Nakula Natural Area Reserve
• Predator control measures

Ae’o (Hawaiian Stilt)

This long-legged wader is an endangered species that depends on Maui’s wetlands.

Key Features:

• Black and white plumage with distinctive pink legs
• Often seen in shallow waters of coastal wetlands
• Loud, barking alarm call when disturbed

Conservation Measures:

• Protection of wetland habitats
• Control of invasive predators
• Public education to reduce disturbance during breeding season

birds of Maui Winged Giants

Hawaiian Red-shouldered Hawk

Also known as the ‘Io, this endemic hawk is a rare sight on Maui.

Characteristics:

• Dark brown plumage with reddish shoulders
• Powerful hooked beak for catching prey
• Often seen soaring over forests and open areas

Great Frigatebird

While not strictly a land bird, the Great Frigate bird can often be seen soaring over Maui coasts.

Interesting Facts:

• Wingspan can reach up to 7.5 feet
• Males have a distinctive red throat pouch they inflate to attract mates
• Known for their aerial acrobatics and ability to stay aloft for weeks

Slender and Graceful: The Skinny White Birds of Maui

White-Tailed Tropicbird

This elegant seabird is occasionally spotted along Maui coasts, especially during breeding season.

Key Features:

• Pure white plumage with black wing bars
• Distinctive long, streaming tail feathers
• Often seen performing acrobatic flights near coastal cliffs

Snowy Egret

While not common on Maui, the Snowy Egret is sometimes spotted in wetland areas.

Characteristics:

• All-white plumage with distinctive yellow feet
• Slender build with long, dark bill
• Graceful movements when hunting in shallow waters

A Requiem for the Lost: Extinct Birds of Maui

Maui ‘ōʻō: Silenced Songster

The Maui ‘ōʻō was a honeyeater species unique to Maui, last seen in the 1980s.

What We Lost:

• Known for its beautiful, flute-like song
• Black and yellow plumage
• Important pollinator for native plants

Kaua’i ‘ōʻō: Lessons in Conservation

While not from Maui, the extinction of the Kaua’i ‘ōʻō in 1987 serves as a poignant reminder of the fragility of island ecosystems.

Conservation Implications:

• Highlights the impact of habitat destruction and invasive species
• Emphasizes the need for early intervention in protecting endangered species
• Serves as a catalyst for more robust conservation efforts across Hawaii

Maui’s Avian All-Stars

Chukar Partridge

Introduced for hunting, the Chukar has adapted well to birds of Maui drier upland areas.

Key Features:

• Distinctive black and white bars on flanks
• Red beak and legs
• Often seen in small groups in grassy or rocky areas

Red-Crested Cardinal

This South American native has become one of Maui most recognizable birds.

Characteristics:

• Bright red head and crest contrasting with gray body
• Melodious song, often heard in urban areas
• Adaptable to various habitats from gardens to forests

Tropical Java Finch

Also known as the Java Sparrow, this introduced species adds a splash of color to Maui’s landscapes.

Notable Traits:

• Distinctive pink beak and white cheek patches
• Gray body with black head
• Often seen in small flocks, especially near grain fields

Spotted Dove

This Asian native has become well-established across Maui since its introduction.

Key Features:

• Pinkish-gray plumage with spotted nape
• Soft, rhythmic cooing call
• Common in both urban and rural areas

Cattle Egret

Introduced to control cattle parasites, these birds of Maui are now a common sight in Maui agricultural areas.

Characteristics:

• White plumage with yellow beak
• Often seen following cattle or farm equipment
• Helps control insect populations in pastures

Key Features:

• Mottled gray and brown plumage
• Distinctive black and white striped head pattern
• Often heard before seen, with a loud, ringing call

Conservation and the Future of Maui Birds

The diverse avifauna of Maui faces numerous challenges, but there’s hope on the horizon. Understanding these challenges and the efforts to overcome them is crucial for anyone interested in birds of Maui.

Current Challenges

Habitat Destruction:

• Urban development and agriculture have reduced native forests
  • Climate change alters habitat ranges and food availability

Invasive Species:

• Introduced predators (rats, cats, mongoose) prey on native birds
  • Non-native plants outcompete native vegetation crucial for bird habitats

Disease:

• Avian malaria, spread by introduced mosquitoes, is devastating to native species

Successful Conservation Programs

Despite these challenges, several conservation initiatives are making a difference:

Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project:

• Focuses on protecting and restoring habitats for endangered species
  • Conducts research and monitoring of rare birds like the Kiwikiu (Maui Parrotbill)

Predator Control Programs:

• Fencing projects to keep out invasive mammals
  • Targeted removal of invasive predators in critical habitats

Habitat Restoration:

• • Native plant reforestation efforts
  • Removal of invasive plant species

Captive Breeding:

• Programs for critically endangered species like the Kiwikiu
  • Aims to boost populations and genetic diversity

“Every native plant we restore, every invasive species we remove, is a step towards securing a future for Maui unique birds.” – Liz Tamayose, Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project

How Visitors Can Support birds of Maui Population

Responsible Birding:

• Stay on designated trails to avoid disturbing habitats
  • Keep a respectful distance from nesting sites
  • Use binoculars instead of getting too close

Support Local Conservation Organizations:

• Donate to or volunteer with groups like the Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project
  • Participate in citizen science projects when available

Reduce Your Impact:

• Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect marine ecosystems
  • Avoid bringing outside plants or animals to the island
  • Choose eco-friendly tour operators

Spread Awareness:

• Share your birding experiences and knowledge with others
  • Educate friends and family about the importance of conservation

Conclusion

Birdwatching in Maui offers an unforgettable experience that combines adventure, education, and a deep connection with nature. The island’s diverse habitats host an array of birds of Maui, both native and non-native, each contributing to the rich tapestry of Maui ecological heritage.

As you embark on your birdwatching journey, remember that each sighting not only enriches your experience but also highlights the importance of conservation. The delicate balance of Maui ecosystems relies on the health and preservation of its avifauna.

By participating in birdwatching tours and supporting local conservation efforts, you play a vital role in protecting these magnificent creatures for future generations. Whether you’re captivated by the melodious songs of the Hawaiian honeycreeper or mesmerized by the elegant flight of the Nene, Birds of Maui promise a captivating adventure in one of the most beautiful settings on Earth.

Grab your binoculars and explore the lush landscapes of birds of Maui, where every moment spent observing these remarkable birds of Maui enhances your appreciation for the island’s natural wonders. Together, let’s protect and cherish the avifauna that makes birds of Maui truly special.